Phage therapy is a natural, rapidly re-emerging approach to treating bacterial infections using bacteriophages—viruses that only target and kill bacteria. Unlike broad-spectrum antibiotics, phages are highly specific, seeking out particular bacterial strains while leaving the rest of the body’s beneficial microbes unharmed. This precision makes phage therapy a promising option for infections that no longer respond to traditional antibiotics.
Phages are part of the natural world and have co-evolved with bacteria for billions of years. When used therapeutically, they can be applied on their own or alongside antibiotics to improve treatment outcomes. Around the world, research and clinical interest in phage therapy is growing, especially as antimicrobial resistance (AMR) continues to rise.
Patients often describe phage therapy as a hopeful option when other treatments have not worked. While access still requires special clinical pathway in many countries, interest and availability are growing worldwide and Phage UK is working to ensure that safe, reliable access to phage therapy becomes more widely available across the UK.

For patients, phage therapy typically begins with identifying the exact bacteria causing the infection. Because bacteriophages target specific bacterial strains, clinicians work with specialist laboratories to test a patient’s sample against a library of phages. This matching process helps determine whether suitable phages are available and informs the most appropriate treatment approach.

Phages can be administered in several ways depending on the nature of the infection. For wound or soft-tissue infections, they may be applied directly to the affected area. For respiratory, bone, or systemic infections, phages might be delivered via inhalation, injection, or other clinically guided routes. Decisions around delivery, dur
Phages can be administered in several ways depending on the nature of the infection. For wound or soft-tissue infections, they may be applied directly to the affected area. For respiratory, bone, or systemic infections, phages might be delivered via inhalation, injection, or other clinically guided routes. Decisions around delivery, duration, and supportive treatments are made by an experienced clinical team, often in consultation with international phage therapy centres.

For many patients, phage therapy is used alongside existing treatments—including antibiotics—to improve outcomes, particularly in infections that are difficult to treat. Clinical monitoring remains a central part of care, with teams assessing response, adjusting treatment if needed, and ensuring safety throughout the process. Because ph
For many patients, phage therapy is used alongside existing treatments—including antibiotics—to improve outcomes, particularly in infections that are difficult to treat. Clinical monitoring remains a central part of care, with teams assessing response, adjusting treatment if needed, and ensuring safety throughout the process. Because phages multiply only in the presence of their target bacteria, they naturally diminish once the infection resolves.
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